Real estate sale and purchase agreement in Georgia: structure and important clauses

The Contract of Sale and Purchase of Real Estate in Georgia is the key legal document on the basis of which the transfer of ownership is registered in the Public Registry. Below is a structured, formal explanation of the mandatory sections of the contract, language and translation requirements, practical nuances and costs with reference to official sources.

Legal basis and registration of the right

• Baseline norms: The Civil Code of Georgia determines the form and validity of sale and purchase contracts.
• Registration of right: transfer of ownership is subject to mandatory registration with the National Agency of Public Registry (NAPR) under the Ministry of Justice of Georgia (Law "On Public Registry".
• House of Justice и NAPR.

"Without registration in the Public Registry, the contract itself does not make the buyer the owner. The right is only transferred when the NAPR entry is made."

"Standard registration time is approximately 4 working days; expedited registration is available for an additional fee."

Mandatory structure of the sale and purchase agreement

1) Identification of parties
- Full full name, nationality, date of birth, addresses, passport details.
- If a representative is acting - power of attorney details (number, date, by whom issued), apostille/legalisation (for foreign power of attorney).

"Parties: Seller - Ivan Ivanovich Ivanov, Passport No ...; Buyer - John Smith, Passport No ...; Buyer's Representative - ..., on the basis of a notarial power of attorney dated ..., apostille ..."

2) Subject of the agreement (real estate object)
- Address, cadastral code, purpose (apartment/house/non-residential), area, floor/plan.
- Basis of seller's entitlement (contract, inheritance, etc.).

"Subject: a flat at ...; cadastral code ...; total area ... square metres; the Seller's ownership is confirmed by an agreement dated ..., registered in NAPR No. ..."

3) Price and settlement currency
- Complete price in figures and words, currency and conversion rule (in practice - price in USD, calculation in GEL at the exchange rate of the National Bank of Georgia: https://www.nbg.gov.ge).
- Payment Arrangements: lump sum / extension / deposit; method - non-cash, cash with receipt, letter of credit.

"Price: 120,000 USD. Payment in GEL at the official NBG exchange rate on the date of payment. Deposit 10,000 USD up to ...; balance 110,000 USD - on the day of signing by bank transfer."

4) Procedure for transferring the object and risks
- The time and manner of actual transfer (acceptance certificate), the moment of risk transfer.

"The transfer of the object - up to ... with the signing of the Act. Risks shall be transferred to the Buyer from the moment of state registration of the title."

5) Representations and warranties of the parties
- Seller warrants absence of third party rights, liens, arrests, utility debts, confirms legal capacity and spouse's consent, if applicable.
- Liability for unreliable assurances (penalty/losses/cancellation).

"The seller states that the object unencumbered mortgages, seizures, easements; utility debts absent. In case of concealment of encumbrances, a penalty 5% of the price and damages."

6) Registration and costs
- Who submits documents to NAPR; who pays state duty.
- Submission deadline (usually on the day of signing).

"The parties shall file the contract for registration in the NAPR no later than the next working day; the cost of registration is borne by ..."

7) Liability and penalties
- Pena for delay, penalties for cancellation, deposit fate.

"Late payment over 5 days - penalty fee 0,1% per day. In case of Buyer's refusal - deposit non-refundable; in case of Seller's refusal - refunded double."

8) Dispute resolution and applicable law
- Applies Georgian lawjurisdiction - Georgian courts at the location of the facility.

"The law of Georgia shall apply to the treaty; disputes shall be brought before the courts of Georgia."

9) Treaty language and translation
- The contract shall be drawn up on Georgian and understandable to the customer language (Russian/English). If the buyer does not speak Georgian, the following is involved certified interpreter with a signature on the contract.
- The practical requirements are. Ministry of Justice: https://justice.gov.ge; House of Justice: https://psh.gov.ge.

"The treaty is written in Georgian and Russian; the translation is confirmed by the translator's signaturewho was present at the signing."

10) Signatures and annexes
- Signatures of the parties and interpreter (if engaged), details of notarisation (if notarised).
- Appendices: NAPR statement, cadastral plan, spouse's consent, copies of passports, receipt/payment documents, acceptance certificate, preliminary contract/agreement on deposit.

Key documents and annexes to the contract

• Extract from the NAPR Public Registry (information on the owner and encumbrances).
• Cadastral code and plan/technical sheet (if available).
• Basis of seller's entitlement (contract, inheritance, gift, etc.).
• Spousal consent (in case of joint ownership).
• Power of attorney (by representative) with apostille (Hague Convention of 1961).
• Payment Confirmation: bank orders, receipt (in cash).

Notarisation: when and why it is necessary

In Georgia. simple written contract is valid and registered with NAPR through the House of Justice.

Notarial form recommended for instalments, mortgage, letter of credit, remote proxy transaction.

Information about the notariat: Ministry of Justice; Chamber of Notaries.

Notarial acts in respect of undisputed obligations may serve as a enforcement documents.

"A notarised contract increases the buyer's security: in case of breach of the terms and conditions, an accelerated recovery through the enforcement office is possible."

Examples of wording for inclusion in a contract

"Seller warrants that there will be no pledge (mortgage), seizure and other rights of third parties; utility debts absent. If any hidden encumbrances are identified, the Seller undertakes to remove them within 10 days or to pay the Buyer forfeit 5% of the contract price and compensate for damages."

"The parties agreed that the price is quoted in US dollars, settlements are made in GEL at the official exchange rate of the NBG on the date of payment (https://www.nbg.gov.ge)".

"The parties shall file this contract for registration of the transfer of ownership in NAPR (https://napr.gov.ge) on the same working day through the House of Justice (https://psh.gov.ge). The costs of registration shall be borne by the Buyer/Seller".

"The contract is drawn up on Georgian and Russian languagesBoth texts shall have equal legal force. The translation is confirmed by the signature of the translator present at the signing.

Practical recommendations for the preparation of the treaty

• Order an up-to-date NAPR statement by cadastral code.
• Check your passport details the parties and the marital status of the seller; in joint ownership, get a spousal consent.
• For new buildings, check authorisation documentation from the builder; for the secondary market - utility debts.
• Switch on acceptance certificate in the document package and sign it at the same time as the contract/immediately after registration.
• If you're doing a remote transaction. apostilled power of attorney and consider notarisation of the treaty.

Legal basis for purchase of real estate in Georgia by foreigners

Foreign citizens and companies in Georgia enjoy almost full access to the property market. The basic rules are simple: to purchase a flat, house or commercial premises no citizenship or residence permit requiredand the transfer of ownership is secured through state registration. Below is a systematic outline of the rules and procedures with references to government sources and indicative costs.

- "Important: ownership rights arise only after registration the transfer of rights in the Public Registry. A contract signed on paper without registration does not make the buyer the owner."

Regulatory framework and equal rights

• The rules for the conclusion and validity of contracts are set out in the Civil Code of Georgia.
• The registration of real estate rights is carried out by the National Agency for Public Registry (NAPR) under the Ministry of Justice: see. NAPR Public Registry and service centres Houses of Justice.
• The state policy in the sphere of registration and notary public is co-ordinated by Ministry of Justice of Georgia.

"Foreigners in Georgia acquire and protect real estate rights on general grounds -. without additional duties or restrictionsunless otherwise expressly provided by law."

What foreigners can buy

• Authorised: flats, residential buildings, commercial premises, non-residential objects, shares in ownership rights.
• Exception: agricultural land. Restrictions follow from the constitutional and legal regulation of agricultural land turnover. As a rule, foreign citizens cannot register agricultural land for themselvesThere are exceptions allowed by law (inheritance, certain cases through a legal entity, special authorisations). Current regulations and amendments are published on the Acts Portal Matsne (Official Register of Regulatory Acts).

"Flats and commercial properties - no restrictions. Agricultural land - under special legal regime: seek advice and a statement on the type of land before you buy."

Form of transaction, language and translation

• The contract can be concluded in a simple written form and immediately submitted for registration at the hall Houses of Justice or certified by a notary (recommended for instalments, mortgages, remote transactions).
• When a foreigner is involved, the contract is usually drawn up bilingual (Georgian + buyer's language). If the buyer does not speak Georgian, mandatory certified interpreterwho signs the contract. The procedure is confirmed by the practice of the authorities of the Ministry of Justice.

"For safety and unambiguity of interpretation, recommend: bilingual contract + interpreter's signature at the signing."

Remote purchase by power of attorney

• The deal can be done notarised for a representative. A power of attorney issued outside Georgia must generally have a apostille (Hague Convention of 1961) and translation into Georgian. Apostille and notary infrastructure - on the websites of Ministry of Justice и Houses of Justice.
• In practice, in remote transactions, the registration authorities may require the following notarised contractThis enhances the protection of the parties and simplifies subsequent enforcement.

"When buying remotely, apply a bundle: Power of attorney with apostille + notarised contract - it minimises the risks of challenge."

Registration of ownership

• Submission of documents (application, contract, passports/power of attorney, receipt) is carried out at the nearest centre Houses of Justice or online through NAPR.
• Timing: standard - up to 4 working days; accelerations are available.
• Indicative fees (state duty): standard - approx. $20-30; accelerated (1 working day) - $60-70; "same-day registration" registration - $80-100. Exact rates and availability of accelerations are specified in the NAPR и Public Service Hall.

"Without an entry in the register, the right does not pass. Registration is a legal prerequisite the validity of the transfer of ownership."

Settlements and currency

• In contracts, the price is often expressed in terms of USDbut bank settlements are done in lari on course of the National Bank of Georgia on the date of payment.
• Recommended payment methods: bank transfer (SWIFT), letter of credit; in case of cash, the following methods are recommended receipt and put it in a contract.
• Indicative costs related billing: interpreter services - $20-80, notary (if necessary) - $120-300.

"Fix it in the contract: price currency, NBG exchange rate and conversion date. This will eliminate disputes due to exchange rate fluctuations."

Taxes and fees for foreigners

• There is no special "purchase tax" for foreigners; the same government fees are paid as for citizens.
• The annual property tax depends on the category of owner and family/individual income; current rules are published on the regulatory portal. It is recommended that you obtain individual advice from a tax advisor prior to purchase.

Residence permit and purchase of property

• The mere fact of purchase does not give an automatic residence permit. For certain categories it is possible Residence permit on the basis of investments/real estate subject to compliance with the established value thresholds and other conditions (for the list and requirements, please refer to the following Public Service Hall and on government services aggregated through the Ministry of Justice).
• Practical advice: before the transaction, ask the consultant to check whether the object and the value meet the criteria if the goal is to further apply for residence permit.

"A purchase is a property right. A residence permit is issued under a separate procedure and if the statutory criteria of value/provenance of funds are met."

"Follow the principle of 'trust but verify'." NAPR statement prior to signing, correct contract form, clear settlement terms, timely filing for registration through the House of Justice. This ensures that the transaction is legally sound."

Stages of a real estate sale and purchase transaction in Georgia

The following is a sequential, practice-orientated flowchart of steps to safely complete the transaction. Each step is provided with links to official government resources and key highlights on documents, timelines and costs.

1) Preliminary stage: site selection and due diligence (due diligence)

• Verification of ownership and encumbrances is carried out by cadastral code via NAPR Public Registry (online or at any centre Houses of Justice). Order an up-to-date extract to see the owner, liens, arrests, third party claims.
• Ask the seller for the basis of entitlement (contract, inheritance, gift) and check it against the register. Regulatory requirements for transactions are defined in Civil Code of Georgia.
• For new buildings, check the developer's permits and land titles; for apartments and the secondary market, ask for a certificate of no utility arrears and management company minutes (if available).
• Establish the identity and capacity of the seller; if jointly owned, obtain spousal consent in proper form.

Critical: "The buyer should get an up-to-date statement from the NAPR before the contract is signed - it is the only reliable source on the rights and encumbrances on the object".

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2) Signing of the sale and purchase agreement

• Form: the contract is concluded in a simple written form and submitted for registration to the NAPR through House of JusticeIn the case of complex conditions (instalments, mortgage, remote transaction by power of attorney, letter of credit), notarisation is advisable (see "Notarisation"). Ministry of Justice of Georgia).
• Language: if a foreigner is involved, the contract shall be drafted bilingually (Georgian + language of the buyer). If the buyer does not speak Georgian, a certified translator is engaged, who signs the contract as a confirmation of the correctness of the translation.
• Power of attorney: for remote transactions a notarised power of attorney is required; if issued outside Georgia, an apostille is required in accordance with the Hague Convention of 1961 (information on the websites of the following countries). Ministry of Justice и Public Service Hall).

Recommended Safety Standard: "Bilingual contract + interpreter's signature + notarisation for remote transaction - minimises dispute risks and speeds up execution."

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3) Settlements between the parties

• Currency and exchange rate: the price is often quoted in USD, while the calculation is done in GEL at the official exchange rate of the National Bank of Georgia on the date of payment. Be sure to stipulate this condition in the contract.
• Methods of payment: bank transfer (SWIFT) to the seller's account or escrow / letter of credit (if offered by the bank); cash payment is acceptable if a receipt is drawn up and the fact of payment is reflected in the contract.
• Advance/deposit: in practice - 5-10% of the price under the preliminary agreement; it is recommended to execute a separate deposit agreement with clear consequences of breach.

Financial Discipline: "The contract should explicitly state: the currency of the price, the NBG exchange rate and conversion date, the payment schedule and method of payment - this eliminates discrepancies and cursory risk."

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4) Registration of the ownership right in the public register

• Registration of the transfer of right is mandatory: filing is done at the centre Houses of Justice or online through NAPR. Required documents: application form (to be drawn up on site), signed contract, passports/power of attorney, proof of payment of state duty.
• Timeframe: standard registration - up to 4 working days; accelerated registration is possible (1 working day or on the day of submission).
• Result: electronic/paper extract from the registry with proof of ownership; application status can be tracked online in the NAPR.

Legal fact: "The right of ownership arises only from the entry of an entry in the Public register; a signed contract without registration does not give rise to the transfer of a right".

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5) Transfer of the object and closing of the transaction

• The parties sign the acceptance certificate within the term set in the contract; the seller hands over the keys, technical documentation, certification of absence of debts (if provided).
• The buyer initiates the reissuance of personal utility accounts; if there is a condominium, notifies the management company of the change of ownership.

Rule of thumb: "Sign the acceptance certificate once the title and settlement have been registered - this records the condition of the property and finalises the parties' obligations."

Timelines and costs when registering real estate in Georgia

This section contains guidelines on the time and costs of the transaction: from legal due diligence and preparation of the contract to registration of ownership in the Public Registry. Indicative amounts in US dollars are given.

Key Principle: "The right of ownership arises only after registration transfer of the right in the Public Register of NAPR. A signed contract without registration does not transfer the right".

1) Timing of key milestones

• Legal check (NAPR statement): generated quickly (online/in a service centre) via NAPR; basic document verification - usually 1-3 working days (as agreed with the consultant).
• Preparation and signing of the contract: 1 working day for a simple transaction; complex conditions (mortgage, instalments, power of attorney) - 2-5 working days.
• Notarisation (if necessary): appointment and registration - 1-2 hours; information about notary public - on the website Ministry of Justice.
• Registration of ownership: filing with House of Justice or online through NAPR; standard term is up to 4 working days, accelerated options are available.
• Receipt of the result: electronic/paper extract from the register; status monitored in the office NAPR.

Practical time reference point: "With the documents ready and the standard scheme of payment → filing → registration, the whole cycle can be completed in 1-4 working days."

2) State duty for registration of ownership rights

• Standard registration (up to 4 working days): approx. $20-30.
• Expedited registration (1 working day): approximate $60-70.
• Registration "on the day of application": approx. $80-100.
  Up-to-date tariffs and availability of accelerations - in the service sections Houses of Justice and in the services Public Registry.

Important: "Rates and terms are updated periodically - check current rates on websites before submitting your application Public Service Hall и NAPR".

3) Additional transaction costs

• Notarisation of the contract (if necessary): $120-300 (depends on the volume and complexity of the conditions); information on notaries - on the website Ministry of Justice.
• Interpreter services (bilingual contract, presence at the signing): $20-80 depending on the volume and time of participation.
• Apostille and translation of power of attorney (for remote transaction): apostille abroad $20-50 (at the tariffs of the country of issue); translation/certification of translation in Georgia $20-40. Information on apostille recognition - on the website Ministry of Justice.
• Due diligence and support: basic due diligence from $150; complex support - by agreement (often 0.5-1% of the object's value or fix).
• Bank charges: international transfer (SWIFT) $20-50; conversion costs (bank's exchange rate and spread) are possible. For fixing settlements use the exchange rate of the National Bank of Georgiaspelled out in the contract.
• Realtor commission: by market - 0-3% (who pays is determined by the contract of the parties).

Financial Fixation: "Specify separately in the contract: price currency, NBG exchange rate and conversion dateThis will eliminate disputes in case of exchange rate fluctuations.

4) Taxes and annual payments (benchmarks)

• Purchase tax for foreigners: waived (there is no special "acquisition tax"; state fees for registration actions are paid). Grounds - public law rules and administration via House of Justice и NAPR.
• Property tax: for individuals is applied depending on the category of owner and income level; general rules - in the Tax Code of Georgia (portal of normative acts). The rate benchmark for residential property is up to 0.1-1% per year (the exact rate depends on the municipality and household income).
• Utility and maintenance fees: at supplier and management company rates; condominium fees may apply to apartments.

Tip: "Budget not only for one-off transaction fees, but also for the annual taxes/operating expensesespecially when buying income property."

5) Estimate for a flat for $120,000 (secondary market, simple transaction)

• State registration fee (4 days): ~$30
• Interpreter (bilingual contract + attendance): ~$60
• Due diligence (basic due diligence): ~$200
• SWIFT bank commission: ~$30
• Total approximate one-off costs: ~$320 (without a notary).
• If you need a notary (remote transaction/mortgage): add ~$150-250 → total: ~$470-570.

Note: "In practice, some of the costs (translation, notary, expedited registration) are shared by the parties by agreement; put this explicitly in the contract."

6) Frequent timing scenarios

• "Fast day at the House of Justice": signing a simple bilingual contract → filing for registration → accelerated recording on the same day. Result: right registered on the day of application; fee costs ~$80-100.
• "Standard deadline": signing → filing → result in 4 working days; state duty ~$20-30.
• "Remote purchase": power of attorney with apostille → notarised contract → filing and expedited registration in 1 day; total costs are higher due to notary and international shipping of documents.

Reminder: "When choosing the urgency of registration, focus on the settlement schedule and the transfer of the facility: registration and calculations must be synchronised to avoid risk."

7) Where to check current tariffs and statuses

• Fees and terms of service: service sections on websites Public Service Hall (House of Justice) и NAPR Public Registry.
• Regulatory acts (form of transaction, registration of rights): official portal of normative acts.
• Settlement rates: official exchange rate of the National Bank of Georgia.

Bottom line: "The total cost of registration in Georgia is usually moderate by international standards; the main cost factor is the chosen urgency of registration and the need for a notary."

Pitfalls and mistakes when buying property in Georgia

The following are typical risks encountered when foreigners purchase property, with consequences and practical ways to avoid them.

Key Principle: "The right of ownership arises only when the entry is made in the NAPR Public Registry; a signed contract without registration does not transfer a right."

1) Lack of verification in the Public Registry (NAPR)
- Risk: buying a property with a lien/arrest/servitude or buying from a non-owner.
- What threatens: challenging the transaction, lengthy disputes, additional costs.
- How to avoid: before signing the contract, order an up-to-date extract from the Public Registry by cadastral code; check the owner, encumbrances, grounds of right.
- Cost benchmark: NAPR statement - ~$5-10; basic due diligence by a lawyer - from ~$150.

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2) Forged or "narrow" powers of attorney
- Risk: the representative is not authorised to sell/receive money; power of attorney without apostille/translation.
- What threatens: invalidity of the transaction.
- How to avoid: for power of attorney issued abroad, require apostille (Hague-1961), notarised translation into Georgian; for remote transactions consider notarisation of the contract. Practices and procedures - from Ministry of Justice and in centres Houses of Justice.
- Cost benchmark: apostille - ~$20-50; translation/certification - ~$20-40; notary - ~$120-300.

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3) Lack of consent of spouse, rights of minors, shared ownership
- Risk: object is jointly owned, there are rights of minors or shares of third parties.
- Risk: subsequent challenge.
- How to avoid: seek consents/authorisations, check title in the register; to be guided by the rules of civil legislation (see acts on the portal Matsne).
- Cost benchmark: preparation of consents/notarial actions - ~$30-80.

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4) Agricultural land and type of permitted use
- Risk: A foreign buyer acquires a plot of land categorised as agricultural land, which is subject to restrictions.
- Risk: inability to register the right.
- How to avoid: check the category of the land plot in the NAPR and regulations on regulatory portal; if necessary, legal advice before making an advance payment.
- Cost benchmark: legal advice - from ~$150.

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5) Advance deposit without legal fixation
- Risk: transfer of the advance "by correspondence"; no agreement on the fate of the deposit and no record of the claim in the register.
- Risk: loss of advance payment, "double sale".
- How to avoid: conclude a written deposit agreement, detail the terms and conditions; if necessary, record the claim/encumbrance on the object in the register before the main deal.
- Cost benchmark: preparation of agreement - ~$100-200; registration actions - ~$20-100 (depends on urgency).

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6) Currency, rate and date of conversion
- Risk: the price is in USD, and settlements are in GEL without reference to the exchange rate.
- What's at risk: disagreements over currency fluctuations.
- How to avoid: explicitly state in the contract the currency of the price, the exchange rate and the date of conversion at the exchange rate of the National Bank of Georgia, payment schedule and method of settlement.
- Cost benchmark: no additional costs; consultation/contract preparation - from ~$200.

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7) Cash payment without receipt and confirmation
- Risk: there is no proof of transfer of funds.
- What is at risk: disputes about the fact of payment.
- How to avoid: use bank transfer (SWIFT), letter of credit; in case of cash - obligatory receipt with details of amount/date/parties and reflection of the fact of payment in the contract.
- Cost benchmark: bank commission - ~$20-50; notary receipt (optional) - ~$20-40.

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8) Failure to timely file for registration
- Risk: delay between signing and filing with the registry; risk of competing entry.
- Risk: the application submitted earlier will receive priority (the principle of priority is in the law on the register, see the law on the register). Matsne).
- How to avoid: apply to House of Justice/NAPR on the day of signing; if necessary, opt for expedited registration.
- Cost benchmark: state duty - standard ~$20-30; expedited 1 day ~$60-70; "today for today" ~$80-100.

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9) Language risks and the absence of a bilingual treaty
- Risk: the buyer signs the text in Georgian, which he does not understand, or uses an oral translation.
- Risk: discrepancy between the actually agreed terms and the text of the contract.
- How to avoid: prepare the contract in a bilingual version; use a certified translator to sign the contract. Procedures - on the websites Public Service Hall и Ministry of Justice.
- Cost benchmark: translation and interpreter presence - ~$20-80.

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10) New buildings: permits, land rights, commissioning
- Risk: buying at an early stage without checking the authorisation documentation.
- What threatens: long construction, problems with property registration.
- How to avoid: check the developer's land title, building permit, staging documents; focus on the requirements set out in the acts on the regulatory portal; register share participation agreements where possible.
- Cost benchmark: legal review of the package - from ~$200-400.

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11) Unauthorised alterations and technical discrepancies
- Risk: The actual layout and floor area do not match the registered data.
- Risk: Difficulties with registration of changes/sale, fines according to city regulation norms.
- How to avoid: check technical documentation/cadastral plan, order measurements before the transaction; legalise changes if necessary.
- Cost benchmark: technical inventory/measurement - ~$50-150; legalisation - according to the municipality's tariffs and terms.

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12) "Double sale" and lack of a blocking mechanism
- Risk: The seller tries to dispose of the object to several persons almost simultaneously.
- What's at risk: dispute over priority of record and the defence of a bona fide purchaser.
- How to avoid: fix the claim/encumbrance before settlement, submit the contract for registration on the day of signing; use escrow/ letter of credit. Priority rules - in the law on the registry (cf. Matsne).
- Cost benchmark: registration of claim/transaction - ~$20-100; letter of credit - at the bank's rates.

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13) Bank Compliance and Delayed Payments
- Risk: the bank blocks the transfer/account until supporting documents on the origin of funds are provided.
- Threats: failure to meet settlement deadlines, contractual penalties.
- How to avoid: open an account in advance, prepare a KYC/AML kit, agree on the method of settlement; use the exchange rate NBG in the contract.
- Cost benchmark: SWIFT commission - ~$20-50; consultancy - from ~$100.

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14) Erroneous waiting for "automatic residence permit"
- Risk: the buyer expects to receive residence permit only upon purchase.
- Risk: Denial of residence permit in case of non-compliance with the criteria.
- How to avoid: check residence permit targets and thresholds on state services Public Service Hall/Ministry of Justice prior to the transaction; verify the value of the property and document requirements.
- Cost benchmark: migration consultancy - from ~$150.

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15) Erroneous reliance on "plain paper" instead of notarisation for complex schemes
- Risk: in case of breach of terms, a lengthy court process will be required for enforcement.
- What's at risk: protracted foreclosure.
- How to avoid: for instalments/mortgages/remote transactions use notarisation; individual notarial acts can be enforcement documents for of the National Bureau of Enforcement.
- Cost benchmark: notary - ~$120-300; expedited registration - ~$60-100.

Final Recommendation: "Fix the price and the rate. NBGcheck the title through NAPRsubmit for registration on the day of signing through the House of Justiceand for complex transactions, use a notary - it minimises legal and financial risks".

Conclusion

Buying property in Georgia is really quick and convenient, but it is only legally secure when you follow the key steps consistently: check the object in NAPRand you sign it. bilingual contract with an interpreter present, fix in the text the price, currency and NBG exchange ratesynchronise the calculations with filing for registration on the day of signature and engage a notary for complex or remote transactions.

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